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Context: I am trying to build a development SQL Server that I can continue to learn SQL on and use Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to access on a Windows PC. So I have the AdventureW. It’s also important to note that we set the ACCEPTEULA environment variable to Y which is needed when running apt-get install msodbcsql. It signifies that you’ve accepted the End-user license agreement when installing the package. The next RUN instruction installs PHP extensions using the official PHP image’s docker-php-ext-install script. Bose software updater for: QuietComfort, QuietControl, SoundSport, SoundWear, SoundLink and BOSEbuild products. QuietComfort 35 wireless headphones II, QuietComfort 35 wireless headphones, QuietControl 30 noise cancelling headphones, SoundSport Free wireless headphones, SoundSport Pulse wireless headphones, SoundSport wireless headphones, SoundWear Companion Speaker, SoundLink Micro, SoundLink.

You can have your databases (SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, etc.) on regular standalone servers, in on-premises clusters, or in PaaS services in the cloud like Azure SQL DB. However, for development and test environments, having your databases running as containers is convenient, because you don't have any external dependency and simply running the docker-compose up command starts the whole application. Having those databases as containers is also great for integration tests, because the database is started in the container and is always populated with the same sample data, so tests can be more predictable.

SQL Server running as a container with a microservice-related database

In eShopOnContainers, there's a container named sqldata, as defined in the docker-compose.yml file, that runs a SQL Server for Linux instance with the SQL databases for all microservices that need one.

A key point in microservices is that each microservice owns its related data, so it should have its own database. However, the databases can be anywhere. In this case, they are all in the same container to keep Docker memory requirements as low as possible. Keep in mind that this is a good-enough solution for development and, perhaps, testing but not for production.

The SQL Server container in the sample application is configured with the following YAML code in the docker-compose.yml file, which is executed when you run docker-compose up. Note that the YAML code has consolidated configuration information from the generic docker-compose.yml file and the docker-compose.override.yml file. (Usually you would separate the environment settings from the base or static information related to the SQL Server image.)

In a similar way, instead of using docker-compose, the following docker run command can run that container:

However, if you are deploying a multi-container application like eShopOnContainers, it is more convenient to use the docker-compose up command so that it deploys all the required containers for the application.

When you start this SQL Server container for the first time, the container initializes SQL Server with the password that you provide. Once SQL Server is running as a container, you can update the database by connecting through any regular SQL connection, such as from SQL Server Management Studio, Visual Studio, or C# code.

The eShopOnContainers application initializes each microservice database with sample data by seeding it with data on startup, as explained in the following section.

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Having SQL Server running as a container is not just useful for a demo where you might not have access to an instance of SQL Server. As noted, it is also great for development and testing environments so that you can easily run integration tests starting from a clean SQL Server image and known data by seeding new sample data.

Additional resources

  • Run the SQL Server Docker image on Linux, Mac, or Windows
    /sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup-docker

  • Connect and query SQL Server on Linux with sqlcmd
    /sql/linux/sql-server-linux-connect-and-query-sqlcmd

Seeding with test data on Web application startup

To add data to the database when the application starts up, you can add code like the following to the Main method in the Program class of the Web API project:

There's an important caveat when applying migrations and seeding a database during container startup. Since the database server might not be available for whatever reason, you must handle retries while waiting for the server to be available. This retry logic is handled by the MigrateDbContext() extension method, as shown in the following code:

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The following code in the custom CatalogContextSeed class populates the data.

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When you run integration tests, having a way to generate data consistent with your integration tests is useful. Being able to create everything from scratch, including an instance of SQL Server running on a container, is great for test environments.

EF Core InMemory database versus SQL Server running as a container

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Another good choice when running tests is to use the Entity Framework InMemory database provider. You can specify that configuration in the ConfigureServices method of the Startup class in your Web API project:

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There is an important catch, though. The in-memory database does not support many constraints that are specific to a particular database. For instance, you might add a unique index on a column in your EF Core model and write a test against your in-memory database to check that it does not let you add a duplicate value. But when you are using the in-memory database, you cannot handle unique indexes on a column. Therefore, the in-memory database does not behave exactly the same as a real SQL Server database—it does not emulate database-specific constraints.

Even so, an in-memory database is still useful for testing and prototyping. But if you want to create accurate integration tests that take into account the behavior of a specific database implementation, you need to use a real database like SQL Server. For that purpose, running SQL Server in a container is a great choice and more accurate than the EF Core InMemory database provider.

Using a Redis cache service running in a container

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You can run Redis on a container, especially for development and testing and for proof-of-concept scenarios. This scenario is convenient, because you can have all your dependencies running on containers—not just for your local development machines, but for your testing environments in your CI/CD pipelines.

However, when you run Redis in production, it is better to look for a high-availability solution like Redis Microsoft Azure, which runs as a PaaS (Platform as a Service). In your code, you just need to change your connection strings.

Redis provides a Docker image with Redis. That image is available from Docker Hub at this URL:

You can directly run a Docker Redis container by executing the following Docker CLI command in your command prompt:

The Redis image includes expose:6379 (the port used by Redis), so standard container linking will make it automatically available to the linked containers.

In eShopOnContainers, the basket-api microservice uses a Redis cache running as a container. That basketdata container is defined as part of the multi-container docker-compose.yml file, as shown in the following example:

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This code in the docker-compose.yml defines a container named basketdata based on the redis image and publishing the port 6379 internally. This configuration means that it will only be accessible from other containers running within the Docker host.

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Finally, in the docker-compose.override.yml file, the basket-api microservice for the eShopOnContainers sample defines the connection string to use for that Redis container:

As mentioned before, the name of the microservice basketdata is resolved by Docker's internal network DNS.